Introduction

Presentation

Module Three is a continuation of our organ system – focused approach to flexible surgical endoscopy. In this module, “Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic” (HBP), we cover the pertinent anatomy, physiology, disease processes and interventions pertaining to the medical and surgical management of this complex system.

We detail the pre- and post-op anatomy of the liver, pancreas and biliary tree, covering specific terminology for liver segmentation and pedicle anatomy. We explore the use of EUS, ERCP, choledocoscopy, cholangiography and non-invasive imaging methods for the examination of HPB anomalies and pathology. We cover the evaluation and management of malignant processes such as intra-hepatic, peri-ampullary, pancreatic and biliary-derived tumors as well as benign processes such as ductal stones, variations in anatomy (papillary, ductal or biliary tract), fistulas and strictures. Special attention will be paid to the variety of pancreatic tumors (mucinous, adenocarcinoma and endocrine) and the nuances to their appropriate diagnosis and management.

From this foundation we learn about the surgical and endoscopic techniques available for intervention. We cover endovascular and percutaneous approaches to liver tumors; the basics of hepatic resection and surgical treatment for biliary or gallbladder disease; lithotripsy and extraction of ductal stones; ERCP, biliary drainage, stenting, tissue ablation and dilatation; and pancreatic enucleation versus segmental resection or necrosectomy.

Finally, we discuss the common complications of these procedures, both immediate and long term, in regard to frequency, recognition and management.