Correct identification of bile duct anatomy is a crucial step in preventing bile duct injuries (BDI) during cholecystectomy. Traditionally, intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) has been used to define anatomy and detect retained common bile duct stones, although it has several limitations. Innovative techniques such as indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence cholangiography are emerging as potential alternatives. ICG allows real-time visualization of the biliary tree without the use of X-rays. However, its actual impact on BDI prevention is still under investigation.